龙岗区养老护理院概念方案：社群营造
从管理与运营的角度看，龙岗区养老护理院是一座准确和集约的建筑。它的总平面布局回应了周围对比强烈的城市空间：养老院建筑靠近基地南端，所有居住单元均朝向西南与东南方向、利用低矮的幼儿园和城市次干道分别形成的无遮挡界面获取充沛的日照与开阔的视野，同时让北侧两个界面远离基地附近压迫性的、高达140多米的住宅塔楼。它简洁的体量既是基于护理工作所需要的高效率交通组织需要，也是为了保障各层平面都具有使用与变化的弹性，为机构未来的持续运营留下充分的改造余地。简洁的首层平面也将紧张的建设用地合理的分为“接待”、“花园”与“共享”三个形制规整的分区，并对人车动线进行了准确的规划。
社群生活与户外场地活动对于高龄人群身心健康的益处是无需赘言的。然而在管理者和运营者看来经济且高效的建筑空间，对高龄人群构成了挑战：高层建筑丧失了传统水平城市空间的“社区性”。各楼层的居民无法直观的感受到垂直方向上邻里的存在。社区生活中充满惊喜的“偶遇”不见了，“人”被迫成为社会中的孤岛。位于首层与屋顶的花园面积有限且可达性差，导致完全人工照明的“内走廊”及其串联起来的功能房间成为行动不便的高龄人群唯一可选择的社交与活动场所，阳光与微风成为窗外的奢侈品。
鉴于此，我们提出“社群营造”的理念。让建筑成为把人们联系起来、建立新生活环境的手段。我们将居住者们的生活分为三个尺度：“邻里尺度”，“街区尺度”，“城市尺度”。建筑将这三个尺度的行为整合起来，通过一个层次丰富的立体社区，建立起一种强烈的社群认同与归属感。
邻里尺度：空中的骑楼街道
岭南传统城市空间中最为常见的“骑楼”，为邻里生活提供了舒适的半户外环境。在包容多样化、且不断变化的生活场景同时，它也制造了富有秩序感的公共场域，并成为岭南城市记忆中的关键视觉要素。因此，我们将“骑楼”搬到了空中，让“走廊”变成了“街道”，让阳光与阴影交织在生活之中，也让自然风畅通无阻的穿过公共区域。它也从视觉上将居住单元、公共交通空间及服务设施整合为一个富有包容性的秩序。
街区尺度：互联的花园生活
除了散布于各层的半户外活动场地以及公共阳台，养老护理院拥有七个面积达200平米、包含户外与半户外空间的“悬浮花园”。它们以退台的形式上下叠，保障了每一个平台获取充沛的自然光照。平台形式的相互错动，制造出垂直方向上的感官互联：人们能够看到、听到与感知到在本楼层外的一个更大尺度社区的存在。所有的平台都朝向基地北侧的社区公园与城市广场，获得了纵深超过二百米的开阔视野，并让充满活力的城市社区场景成为老人们生活中的一部分。
城市尺度：建构共享大社区
建筑朝向所在城市街区的内部形成层次丰富的立体景观，让已然形成的“社区广场”和“社区公园”南北方向轴线得到进一步延展，并向空中生长。如此，养老院的社群生活成为城市社区天然的背景与参与者，从而令养老机构不再是城市社区生活的孤岛。在首层，多功能的“集会大厅”朝向新南路打开，形成一个室内外边界模糊、种满银杏的小型街角广场。“集会大厅”是养老院与城市社区共享的公共空间。它既能把老人们的生活展示给社区，更能把城市的关注与能量引入养老院。它同时也能作为相邻幼儿园的室内大型集会场地，让孩童和老人都能在相互的交流中获得益处。
设计单位：也似建筑
项目名称：龙岗区养老护理院概念方案
设计主题：社群营造
主持建筑师：罗韧、赵耀
设计团队：王盈力、王楠、吴晨雨、葛洋、温一帆
用地面积：5032㎡
建筑面积：25432㎡
设计时间：2022年01月
Longgang Nursing House Concept Design: Community Making
Longgang nursing house is a precise and compact building. Its masterplan responds to the highly contrasted surrounding urban conditions: the building sits to the site’s south tip, so to allow all living units accessing abundant sun light as well as broad view, which is made possible by neighboring low-rise kindergarten and city street. It’s position also keeps the building away from the 140 meters’ residential tower’s oppressive volume to its northwest. The building’s simple shape is the result of both nursing works’ need for high efficiency circulation and flexible floor plans, which is crucial for the institution’s future operation. Ground floor’s concise planning divides the tight site into three zones: Reception zone, Garden zone, and Share zone.
Communal and outdoor life’s benefits to elderlies’ mental and physical health is an undisputed common sense. Yet some highly efficient building space- in the eyes of managers and operators- poses challenge to aging communities: the Communal Character, which was presented in traditional sprawling urban space, is lost in high-rise towers. Residents cannot sense neighbors’ presence in vertical direction. A key part of communal life, namely ‘encounters’, is absent. Person is reduced into isolated individual. Limited accessibility to gardens on rooftop and ground floor makes fully artificial lighting corridors and rooms become the handicapped elderly’s only option for community behaviors. Sun light and breeze become luxuries outside windows.
As a reflection, we propose idea of Community Making. It makes building connecting people, and producing a better living condition. We layered residents’ lives into three sizes: Neighborhood Size, Block Size, and City Size. They are integrated into a diverse three-dimensional community, which aims to establish strong sense of communal recognition and identity.
Neighborhood Size: Veranda in Air
Veranda is a common sight in Cantonese traditional towns which provides comfortable semi-outdoor community spaces. It can tolerant diversity and variability, while produces string sense of order in public realm. It is one of the key visual elements in Cantonese cities. Inspired by this great tradition, we move the veranda in air, transforming ordinary corridors into streets. It brings in light and shadow as well as natural breeze. It organizes living units, public circulations, and service units into a generous order.
Block Size: Interlinked Garden Lives
Besides each floor’s semi-outdoor grounds and balconies, the building owns seven cantilevering gardens with 200 square meters’ area each. Their stepped composition guarantees natural lighting. Their dancing juxtaposition produce interlinked senses among people in different floors, who can be aware of larger community by glancing and hearing. All terraces face neighboring public park and plaza to the north, while gaining two hundred-meter’s urban sight, it also introduces vigorous urban lives into elderly’s daily awareness.
City Size: Building Generous Community
Facing inward its urban block, the vertical landscape extends the community’s established public axis from north to south, which connects existing park and plaza together. The nursing house is thusly participant and backdrop of this urban block’s communal activities. No longer an isolated island as this nursing house is to city lives. A multifunctional ‘Event Hall’ opens up towards Xinnan Road, creating a boundary blurred gingko plaza on street level. Event Hall is a shared public realm between the nursing house and its urban community. It showcases elderly’s communal lives, so to bring in wider public attentions and energies which aging community needs. It is at the same time a shared indoor facility with the kindergarten next door, benefits both institution by communicating young and old.
Architect: YES.ARCH
Project Name: Longgang Nursing House Concept Design
Design Motif: Community Making
Principals in Charge: Luo Ren、Zhao Yao
Design Team: Wang Yingli、Wang Nan、Wu Chenyu、Ge Yang 、Wen Yifan
Site area: 5032㎡
Floor area: 25432㎡
Year: 2022.01
